Communication patterns may not be obvious to one outside the family but can significantly influence how family members act toward each other and toward people outside the family. However, some families have very strict boundaries that keep people outside the family from engaging with or providing support to family members. Similarly, mescaline benefits rigid boundaries […]

Third, the youth SUD service system needs to become rigorously relationship-oriented. The most recent annual survey of SUD provider practices (SAMHSA, 2019) does not list any clinical or therapeutic approach that is fundamentally family-based. This omission acknowledges that although most providers purport to involve families in routine programming, evidence-based family approaches are not widely practiced.